Some of the old Karanga states, notably Manica and Barue, survived as tributaries of the Gaza state. All of them experienced civil wars before they were conquered by the Ngoni, who established the kingdom of Gaza, which covered the whole area south of the Zambesi as far as the Limpopo River until the time of the Scramble for Africa. These states were devastated by droughts from the 1790s to the 1830s. The Portuguese were expelled from the Zimbabwe plateau in the 1690s and were succeeded by the Rosvi, another Karanga ruling elite. In the 17th century, the Portuguese gradually expanded their presence through the institution of the prazos, whose owners acquired jurisdiction over extensive areas formerly ruled by the Karanga. At the beginning of the 16th century this trade attracted Portuguese traders who visited the fairs. Commerce was conducted at fairs attended by merchants from coastal towns such as Sofala and Chibuene, which were part of the networks of Indian Ocean commerce. Other important states-Teve, Manica, Barue, and Butua-all depended on the mining and trading of gold. The most important of these states was Mokaranga, whose rulers bore the title of Monomotapa. To this end, we map and quantify the historic and present coastline evolution around 130 existing African seaports using more than 76,000 publicly available.
You can learn more about the methodology of this data collection here.States that flourished in the area immediately south of the Zambesi River from the 15th to the 19th centuries were ruled by Karanga dynasties and were the cultural heirs of Great Zimbabwe. This map, therefore, is part of the story, and not a complete accounting. However, this means the enslaved people for whom records cannot place their embarkment or disembarkment with certainty do not appear in this map (approximately 170,985 people). One of ours, in agreement with the consortium, is that this map layer represents individuals experts can definitively place at a given location on one of at least 36,000 transatlantic and at least 10,000 intra-American slave voyages. Description: This map shows governmental boundaries, countries and their capitals in West Africa. All mapmakers must make choices when presenting data. Enter the group name in the Enter Group Title box and click on Add. This data represents the trafficking of enslaved Africans from 1514 to 1866. Click on the desired countries listed in the country selection panel. Find List of Sea Ports of World Sea Ports on the Map and Read Information about their Size, Coordinates, Restrictions, Water Depth, Sea Distances and Routes. This data set is the culmination of decades of archival research compiled by The Slave Voyages Consortium. From there they were forced onto other ships by the enslavers to other countries or regions in the Americas. However, for many enslaved Africans trafficked across the Atlantic the first port they were taken to from Africa was not their final destination. Approximately 1.8 million African people are thought to have died on the voyage.
South Africa’s underwater explorers are going deeper to map biodiversity and track climate change in the ocean. This trip could last weeks or months depending on conditions and the trafficked people were subjected to abuse, dangerously high heat, inadequate food and water, and low-oxygen environments. Africa PORTS & SHIPS - Bringing news and views from the maritime & logistics sector across Africa - Always Something New from Africa. The most brutal segment of the route was the Middle Passage, which transported chained African people packed tightly below the decks of purpose-built slave ships in unsanitary conditions for approximately 8,000 kilometers (5,000 miles). Europe provided manufactured goods, Africa an enslaved labor force, and the Americas food and raw materials. Colonial powers built a triangle of the trade from Europe to Africa to the Americas and back to Europe moving textiles, wheat, sugar, tobacco, coffee, and humans, as though humans can be commoditized. This gruesome event in global history is commonly referred to as the transatlantic slave trade. Most were forced onto labor camps, also called plantations. An estimated 12.5 million African people were kidnapped from their homes, forced onto ships, trafficked to the Americas, and enslaved.
0 kommentar(er)
